BRCA1 c. 5096G>A p.Arg1699Gln (R1699Q) intermediate risk variant; breast and ovarian cancer risk estimation and recommendations for clinical management from the ENIGMA consortium
We previously showed that the BRCA1 variant c.5096G>A p.Arg1699Gln (R1699Q) was associated with an intermediate risk of breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC). This study aimed to assess these cancer risks for R1699Q carriers in a larger cohort, including follow-up of previously studied families, to further define cancer risks and to propose adjusted clinical management of female BRCA1*R1699Q carriers. Data were collected from 129 BRCA1*R1699Q families ascertained internationally by ENIGMA consortium members. The cumulative risk of BC and OC by age 70 years was 20% and 6%, respectively. Results confirm that BRCA1*R1699Q confers an intermediate risk for BC and OC.
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BRCA2 hypomorphic missense variants confer moderate risks of breast cancer
In this study, associations between 19 BRCA1 and 33 BRCA2 missense substitution variants and breast cancer risk were investigated through a breast cancer case control study using genotyping data from 38 studies of predominantly European ancestry (41,890 cases and 41,607 controls) and nine studies of Asian ancestry (6,269 cases and 6,624 controls). The BRCA2 c.9104A>C, p.Tyr3035Ser (OR=2.52, p=0.04) and BRCA1 c.5096G>A, p.Arg1699Gln (OR=4.29, p=0.009) variant were associated with moderately increased risks of breast cancer among Europeans, whereas BRCA2 c.7522G>A, p.Gly2508Ser (OR=2.68, p=0.004) and c.8187G>T, p.Lys2729Asn (OR=1.4, p=0.004) were associated with moderate and low risks of breast cancer among Asians. Functional characterization of the BRCA2 variants using four quantitative assays showed reduced BRCA2 activity for p.Tyr3035Ser compared to wildtype. Overall, our results show how BRCA2 missense variants that influence protein function can confer clinically relevant, moderately increased risks of breast cancer, with potential implications for risk management guidelines in women with these specific variants.
PMID